Clinical and cellular markers of diabetic nephropathy

Cellular Cholesterol Transport Proteins in Diabetic Nephropathy

BACKGROUND Lipid accumulation has been shown to accelerate renal injury, and the intracellular accumulation of lipids may be caused by alterations in synthesis as well as lipid uptake and efflux. We have investigated the role of cellular cholesterol transport proteins including adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), G1 (ABCG1) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-B...

Diabetic Nephropathy; Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Approaches

Evaluation of Diabetic Nephropathy: Clinical Recommendations

Diabetic nephropathy is clinically defined by the presence of persistent proteinuria of > 500 mg/day in a diabetic patient who has concomitant diabetic retinopathy and hypertension and in the absence of clinical or laboratory evidence of other kidney or renal tract disease. The presence of diabetic retinopathy is an important pre-requisite because in its absence, albuminuria in a Type 2 diabeti...

Diabetic Nephropathy AGE, RAGE, and Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetes is a disease that is present worldwide and which is associated with a large number of potential complications including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several factors have been implicated in the development of the latter, including advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which are formed from the interaction between sugar and proteins. AGE toxicity may be triggered via different mechani...

Urinary Markers of Tubular Injury in Early Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common and serious complication of diabetes associated with adverse outcomes of renal failure, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality. Early and accurate identification of DN is therefore of critical importance to improve patient outcomes. Albuminuria, a marker of glomerular involvement in early renal damage, cannot always detect early DN. Thus, more sens...